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Mesoamerican language area
The Mesoamerican language area is a ''sprachbund'' containing many of the languages natively spoken in the cultural area of Mesoamerica. This sprachbund is defined by an array of syntactic, lexical and phonological traits as well as a number of ethnolinguistic traits found in the languages of Mesoamerica, which belong to a number of language families, such as Uto-Aztecan, Mayan, Totonacan, Oto-Manguean and Mixe–Zoquean languages as well as some language isolates and unclassified languages known to the region.
==History of Mesoamerican areal linguistics==
The similarities noted between many of the languages of Mesoamerica have led linguistic scholars to propose the constitution of a sprachbund, from as early as 1959.〔by Juan Hasler in a paper called "Una Lingüistica Meso-americana" Published in the journal "La Palabra y el Hombre" Published by the University of Jalapa, Vera Cruz〕 The proposal was not consolidated until 1986 however, when Lyle Campbell, Terrence Kaufman and Thomas Smith-Stark employed a rigid linguistic analysis which demonstrated that the similarities between a number of languages were indeed considerable, with the conclusion that their origins were very likely caused by diffusion rather than inheritance - the standard criteria for defining a sprachbund.
In their 1986 paper "Meso-America as a Linguistic Area"〔(Language 62 Vol. 3. 530-558)〕 the above-mentioned authors explored several proposed areal features of which they discarded most as being weakly attested, possibly due to chance or inheritance or not confined to the Mesoamerican region. However, five traits in particular were shown to be widely-attested among the languages, with boundaries coinciding with that of the Mesoamerican region and having a probable origin through diffusion. They then compared these five traits with the traits defining other language areas considered to be well-established – for example, the Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area and Balkan language area – and they concluded that by comparison the proposed Mesoamerican language area could indeed be considered a well-founded area: arguably ''"among the very strongest that are known"'' (Campbell, Kaufman & Smith-Stark. 1986 p. 556).
They also argued that some of the discarded traits might also be taken into consideration as strengthening the proposal but that they were not sufficient by themselves to act as foundation and other well documented traits of a more ethnolinguistic character might not be considerable as truly linguistic traits but rather cultural.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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